Appamādāvaha pakiṇṇakaniddesa
1.
Saṃvijjanti dha lokasmiṃ,
Bahū jīvitakappanā;
Gahetvā patta muñcho yo,
Jīvikānaṃ sa lāmako.
2.
Sukulāca tadupagā, kāmabhogā napekkhino;
Na bhayaṭṭā na iṇaṭṭā, neva ājīva kāraṇā.
3.
Nālaṃva gihinā brahma, cariyāya akhaṇḍitaṃ;
Gharāvāso tisambādho, pabbajjāva nirālayā.
4.
Bhavapaṅkā pamuccāma, tivittiṇṇā bhayānakā;
Paṭipatti yimāyāti, katvā tadupagā ime.
5.
Uttiṭṭhe nappamajjeyya, dhammaṃ caritaṃ sucare;
Dhammacārī sukhaṃseti, asmiṃloke paramhica.
6.
Svāgatā vata tebhikkhū, pattā sambuddhaputta taṃ;
Gihi bandhana pucchijja, sukhitā sāsane ratā.
7.
Katapuñña visesāva, ete suladdha dullabhā;
Chaṭṭetvāpi mahārajjaṃ, nedisaṃ laddha maññadā.
8.
Svāgatā sugatī hontu, māduggatī pamādino;
Dussīlā ce gamissanti, apāyaṃ tibhayānakaṃ.
9.
Gihibhogā parīhinno, sāmaññattañca dūbhato;
Paridhaṃsamāno pakireti, chavālātaṃva nassati.
10.
Kuso yathā duggahito, hatthamevā nukantati;
Sāmaññaṃ dupparāmaṭṭhaṃ, nirayā yupa kaḍḍhati.
11.
Yaṃkiñci sithilaṃ kammaṃ, saṃkiliṭṭhañca yaṃkataṃ;
Saṅkassaraṃ brahmacariyaṃ, nataṃhoti mahapphalaṃ.
12.
Kariyāce kariyā venaṃ, daḷhamenaṃ parakkame;
Sithilohi paribbajo, bhiyyo ākirate rajaṃ.
13.
Iti vuttaṃ munindena, nussaraṃ ani vattito;
Sadā alina cittena, careyya buddhasāvako.
14.
Rāgaṃ asubhacintāya, dosaṃ mettāya vāraye;
Maraṇena dhajaṃmānaṃ, sambuddhe tikkha saddhiko.
15.
Asubhā kāmavitakkaṃ, mettā byāpāda takkitaṃ;
Vihiṃsaṃ karuṇāyeva, nivāreyya sadāsato.
16.
Buddhāṇatti sadātīto, micchāvitakka pīḷito;
Pāpadhammehi saṃkiṇṇo, soniccāpāya gāmiko.
17.
Dhovitvā pattimalāni, punātikkama saṃvuto;
Micchāvitakka sañchedī, dūro apāya gāmito.
18.
Khīṇāsavatta buddhattaṃ, niyyānika ntarā yikaṃ;
Sīhanādaṃ catuṭṭhāne, vesārajjo jino nadi.
19.
Sīlaṃ niyyānikaṃ nāma, āpatti antarāyikaṃ;
Antarāya manāpajja, niyyāneva patiṭṭhatu.
20.
Niyyānikāca asubhā, subhasaññā ntarāyikā;
Antarāya manāpajja, niyyāneva patiṭṭhatu.
21.
Nānāpatti pakiṇṇopi, pārājikā vasesako;
So mityatta paṇīdhīhi, lajjīyeva visodhako.
22.
Alajjīkamma kiṇṇopi,
Saṃvejetvā sumittiko;
Lajjīyeva visodhento,
Matakova asodhako.
23.
Yo pubbeva pamajjitvā, pacchāso nappamajjati;
Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhāmuttovacandimā.
24.
Dhuraṃkatvā dhipatayo, yo puññesu parakkame;
Tassa niyyānikaṃ kammaṃ, kiṃnāmakaṃ nasijjhate.
25.
Paccate munino bhattaṃ, thokaṃthokaṃ ghareghare;
Piṇḍikāyeva jīvantu, māpajjantu anesanaṃ.
26.
Dhoveyyā pattimagāni, vuṭṭhāna desanambuhi;
Saṃvarissanti cittena, sīlaṃ dhotassa nimmalaṃ.
27.
Buddhāṇātikkamāpatti, niggahe rāgadosake;
Natthi sañcicca āpatti, lajīva so pavuccati.
28.
Vāṇijja kasikādīhi, nāhāreṭṭhi dhasāsane;
Dhura dvayaṃva kiccaṃ taṃ, nāññakiccehi hāpaye.
29.
Niggaṇheyya sakaṃcittaṃ, kiṭṭhādiṃ viya duppasuṃ;
Satimā sampajānoca, care sabbiriyāpathe.
30.
Yathā thambhe nibandheyya, vacchaṃ damaṃ naro idha;
Bandheyyevaṃ sakaṃcittaṃ, satiyā rammaṇe daḷhaṃ.
31.
Adhisīlādhicittānaṃ, adhipaññāya sikkhanaṃ;
Bhikkhu kiccattayaṃ etaṃ, karontova subhikkhuko.
32.
Pañcāṭṭha dasa sīlāni, nādhisīlaṃ taduttari;
Pātimokkhaṃ adhisīlaṃ, pabbatā dhika meruva.
33.
Pātimokkhaṃ visodhento, appeva jīvitaṃ jahe;
Paññattaṃ lokanāthena, nabhinde sīlasaṃvaraṃ.
34.
Sīlenā tikkamaṃ thullaṃ, pariyuṭṭhaṃ samādhinā;
Paññāyā nusayaṃ saṇhaṃ, kilesaṃ bhikkhu bhindati.
35.
Sāsanassādi sīlaṃva, majjhe tassa samādhiva;
Paññāva pariyosānaṃ, kalyāṇāva imetayo.
36.
Mahāpuññe ṭhitaṃ sīlaṃ, samādhi appanā gataṃ;
Catumagga yutā paññā, etaṃ sikkhattayaṃ mataṃ.
37.
Sīlanalakkhaṇaṃ sīlaṃ, dussīlya dhaṃsanaṃ rasaṃ;
Hirottappa padaṭṭhānaṃ, suci paccupaṭṭhānakaṃ.
38.
Sasīlagutti nāthoca, dunnigaho visārado;
Dhammaṭṭhītīti pañcete, guṇā venayike matā.
39.
Ādi kalrāṇa saṃvedī, sīlamattaṭṭha bhikkhavo;
Uddhaṃ kalyāṇa lābhāya, alino anivattiko.
40.
Dhovitvā pattimalāni, vuṭṭhāna desana mbuhi;
Suddhasīle ṭhitoyeva, evaṃ cinteyya paññavā.
41.
Sampuddhorasa puttāva, buddhurojā nussāvanā;
Sambhūtā pitu dāyādā, puttānāma sabhāvato.
42.
Khīraṃ pitvāva jīvanti, jātāpi idha puttakā;
Pariyatti jinakkhīraṃ, pitvāva jinaputtakā.
43.
Dāyoca nāma buddhassa, dhammāmisa vasādvidhā;
Maggañāṇā dayo dhammo, cattāro paccayāmisā.
44.
Cira māmisa dāyādā, rājapūjādi gāhino;
Dāyā missaggahaṃ nicchi, saddhamma garuko jino.
45.
Lakkha kappa catussaṅkhya, kālaṃ vicita niccitaṃ;
Dhammadāyaṃ navindamhā, buddhaputtāpi yemayaṃ.
46.
Buddhavārita dāyādā, saddhammadāya bāhirā;
Puttāpi satthudāsābhā, bhuttamattā hi dāsakā.
47.
Bhaddanta rāhulasseva, dāyaṃ nopi adā jino;
Nādiyimhā pamādāya, taṃ dāyaṃ kusalantakaṃ.
48.
Dhammadāyādā mebhikkhave tumhebhavatha,
Māāmisa dāyādā;
Iti vuttaṃ munindena,
Sāvakesu dayāvatā.
49.
Imāya buddhavācāya, buddhasantaka taṃ sare;
Dvinnaṃ āmisaa dāyāda, bhāvassaca nivāraṇaṃ.
50.
Rajje caṇḍālaputtāva, saddhammacakka vattino;
Puttā hontāpi dāyesmiṃ, nirāsā tiva ninditā.
51.
Micchājīva samāpannā, accāsā paccayāmise;
Mahājānīya sampattā, moghakatvā tidullabhaṃ.
52.
Gihikāme pahāyāgo, paravantosu laggito;
Gaṅgātiṇṇo taḷākamhi, nimuggovā tinindito.
53.
Cīvare piṇḍapāteca, paccaye sayanāsane;
Etesu taṇha mākāsi, mālokaṃ punarāgami.
54.
Itivuttā nusārena, paccavekkhaṇa suddhiyā;
Āmisesu hane āsaṃ, puttamaṃsu pamaṃ saraṃ.
55.
Seyyo ayoguḷo bhutto,
Tatto aggisikhūpamo;
Yañce bhuñjeyya dussīlo,
Raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ asaññato.
56.
Itivuttaṃ nucintento, vajje dussīla bhāvato;
Sīle ṭhitova bhuñjeyya, māditta guḷakaṃ gili.
57.
Annāna matho pānānaṃ,
Khādanīyāna mathopi vatthānaṃ;
Laddhāna sannidhiṃ kariyā,
Naca parittase tāni alabhamāno.
58.
Aññāhi lābhupanisā, aññā nibbāna gāminī;
Sakkāraṃ nābhinandeyya, viveka manubrūhaye.
59.
Akatvā āmise āsaṃ,
Saddhammeyeva āsiko;
Appamatto samāraddho,
Dhammadāyaṃ labhissati.
60.
Pariyattiṃ vinā seyyaṃ, nalabhanti budhāapi;
Seyyatthikova sikkheyya, neva pūjādi kāraṇā.
61.
Bhavanissaraṇatthaṃva, sikkhe nā laggadūpamo;
Tathūpamāya sikkhanto, apāyesu patissati.
62.
Sikkhitena amānatthaṃ, nasādhu mānathaddhiko;
Mudubhāvāya sikkhitvā, damento muduko bhave.
63.
Rāgaṃ dosaṃ dhajaṃmānaṃ, sikkhantopi vivajjaye;
Daharāpi hi miyyanti, natthi vassaggato mataṃ.
64.
Saddhaṃtikkheyya buddhena, rāgaṃ asubha cintayā;
Maraṇena dhajaṃmānaṃ, dosaṃ mettāya vāraye.
65.
Etehi caturakkhehi, ganthaṃ sikkheyya saṃ vuto;
Sikkhantassehi rakkhehi, nakoci saṃkilesiko.
66.
Buddhavācampi sajjhāya, etepi manasīkara;
Vutto dhammavihārīti, ediso sāsane varo.
67.
Garūna mupadesena,
Caturakkho susīlavā;
Appassutopi pāsaṃso,
Bhiyyoyeva bahussuto.
68.
Sātaṃ sevakkhaṇevappaṃ, taṃhetvā nantādukkhanti;
Dhīro āsaṃ hane kāme, khuradhāramadhūpame.
69.
Yodha kāme sukhaṃmaññi,
Na so dukkhā vimuccati;
Mātāhi byaggha manvento,
Vacho mutto kathaṃbhayā.
70.
Tiracchā peta laddhabbe, nāsaṃ kāmasukhe kare;
Bhāyitabba sukhaṃ tañhi, tasmiṃ laggā mahātapā.
71.
Laddhā kāmasukhaṃ bālā, pamodanti napaṇḍitā;
Pasupakkhībhi laddhabbaṃ, anantadukkha kāraṇaṃ.
72.
Laddhā dhammaratiṃviññū, modanti na apaṇḍitā;
Anoma satta paribhogaṃ, bhaganissaraṇāvahaṃ.
73.
Hīnakammaṃ paṭicchannaṃ, kāmassādaṃ napatthaye;
Dhamme pītiñca pāmojjaṃ, pattheyya sādhusampato.
74.
Pariggaṇhanti yekāme, hiṃ santite tadatthikā;
Pariccattaṃ na hiṃ santi, muttaṃ vaṇṇenti sādhavo.
75.
Niccupakkamma puṭṭhopi, kāyo verīvasā nugo;
Aciraṃyeva bhūsāyī, yuttova ta mupekkhituṃ.
76.
Rakkhitopi aguttova, kāyo bhayamukhe ṭhito;
Tasmā kāya mupekkhitvā, caredhamma machambhito.
77.
Puṭṭho puṭṭhopi yaṃkāyo, bhuvi rogāsayīsayī;
Kataṃkataṃ mudhāto na, tadatthaṃ duccare care.
78.
Pāpaṃ karoti yobālo,
Puṭṭhuṃ kāyaṃ tidubbharaṃ;
Bhūmyaṃ kāyaṃ ṭhapetvāna,
Anātho so apāyiko.
79.
Verīvasā nugaṃ kāyaṃ,
Bālo poseti duccaro;
Posento niraye pakko,
Kāyo bhūmyaṃ vikāragū.
80.
Pāpaṃ mākara kāyatthaṃ, kāyo verī vasānugo;
Bhūmyaṃ sessati vekārī, pāpiko nirayaṃ gato.
81.
Amayhaṃ mayhasaññāya,
Kāyaṃ rogavasānugaṃ;
Posaṃ patto mahājāniṃ,
Nokāso dhamma mikkhituṃ.
82.
Kāyāpekkhāya nokāso,
Dhammaṃ daṭṭhuṃ rahogato;
Upekkhāyeva okāso,
Dukkhitā mha apekkhayā.
83.
Citta saṃsodhakā pakkā, kāyasaṃsodhakā navā;
Sodhe cittaṃva pakkatthaṃ, nakāyaṃ bhavabhīruko.
84.
Cittasaṅkharaṇaṃ sādhu, taṃ saṅkhataṃ pabhassaraṃ;
Nasādhu kāyasaṅkhāro, saṅkhatopyasubhova so.
85.
Sabhāva malinaṃ kāyaṃ, nimmalāya kathaṃ kare;
Āgantumalinaṃ cittaṃ, sakkā kātuṃ sunimmalaṃ.
86.
Ādhibyādhi parotāya, ajjasvevā vināsinā;
Kohināma sarīrāya, dhammāpetaṃ samācare.
87.
Sabhāvajegucchaṃ kāyaṃ, sobhetuṃnevasakkuṇe;
Cittaṃ vā laṅkataṃ sobhaṃ, sīlādi gandhavāsitaṃ.
88.
Sace bhāyatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkha mappiyaṃ;
Mākattha pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvivā yadivā raho.
89.
Kilesā gantumalaṃcittaṃ, pabhassara sabhāvikaṃ;
Tadāgantumalaṃ dhova, cittaṃ dhote pabhassaraṃ.
90.
Kilesā gantumalaṃcittaṃ, upakkamena sodhaye;
Suvisuddha manāyeva, uttariṃsu bhavaṇṇavā.
91.
Kāye malamupekkhāya, citte malaṃva dhovatu;
Citte hi nimmalesanto, pūtikāyopi pūjito.
92.
Kāyarogaṃ titikkhāya, cittarogaṃ cikicchatu;
Sukhito kāyarogīpi, citte nirāmaye sati.
93.
Kāyaroge bahū vejjā, buddhuttiva manogade;
Idhāpi kāyiko santo, anantāva manorujā.
94.
Sīsadaḍḍha mupekkhāya, nibbātu rāgapāvakaṃ;
Khippaṃ asubha saññāya, niccadaḍḍhaṃ bhavebhave.
95.
Subhāya uṭṭhitaṃ rāgaṃ, asubhāya nivāraye;
Sorāgo sāditaṃ jantuṃ, catvāpāyaṃ nayissati.
96.
Paṇḍitānaṃ malaṃ māno, sottukkaṃsena pākaṭo;
Mākho attāna mukkaṃse, māvibhāve sakaṃmalaṃ.
97.
Guṇaṃ paṭicca guṇīnaṃ, ahaṃmāno samuṭṭhahe;
Maraṇaṃ anucintāya, dhajaṃmānaṃ nipātaya.
98.
Eko kāyavivekesī, katvā kilesaniggahaṃ;
Vase cittavivekesī, ubho padhi vivekādā.
99.
Adiṭṭhe asute ṭhāne, vaseyya mocanatthiko;
Assādaṃhi nivāretuṃ, diṭṭhe sute tidukkaraṃ.
100.
Adiṭṭhe asute raññe, vaseyyi ndriyagopako;
Vāretuṃ visayākiṇṇe, cakkhusotaṃ tidukkaraṃ.
101.
Rāgaṃ asati uppannaṃ, santābhujena vāraye;
Bāhire rāga muppannaṃ, anto asubhacintayā.
102.
Rāgaṃ chindāti buddhāṇaṃ, saraṃ bhikkhu rahogato;
Passaṃ kāyedha jegucchaṃ, labheyyā siṭṭhamocanaṃ.
103.
Kāyaṃ asubhatopassa, kallakāleva dassanaṃ;
Moghaṃ kālaṃ nakhīyeyya, bhaveyyuṃsvepiāturā.
104.
Kāyaṃ jegucchatopassa, bālyanto paccavekkhiya;
Ādo kiñci jigucchāya, jiguccheyyāyatiṃ bhusaṃ.
105.
Kāyādinava mikkheyya, dāni kiñcipi dassanaṃ;
Āyatiṃ maggalābhāya, bhaveyya upanissa yo.
106.
Itthīna maṅgamaṅgāni, napasseyya nacintaye;
Tadāsā ubhato bhaṭṭhā, sugatyā sāsanāpica.
107.
Itthirūpa sarākaḍḍhā, bhaṭṭhā bahūva sāsanā;
Ihāpi dukkhitā hutvā, te pecca atidukkhino.
108.
Puṃmano pariyādāya, itthirūpasarā ṭhitā;
Tassama mañña mekampi, navijjateva sabbadhi.
109.
Sallape asihatthena, pisācenāpi sallape;
Āsade āsivisepi, aggikkhandhepi āsade;
Natveva mātugāmena, ekekāya supesalo.
110.
Kāmaṃ asubhacintāya, byāpādaṃ snehacetasā;
Vihiṃsaṃ karuṇāyehi, vitakkaggī tayosame.
111.
Asameta vitakkaggī, thusarāsimhi khāṇuva;
Athirā sāsane tāpī, tepacchāatitāpino.
112.
Asubhā pagame lokā, taṃ mettāyupasaṅkame;
Subhāvitāhi etāhi, jaheloke piyāpiyaṃ.
113.
Gataṭṭhitādo uppanne, vitakkaggī tayo same;
Ātāpī pahitattoti, evaṃbhūto pavuccati.
114.
Vivādappatto dutīyo, keneko vivadissati;
Tassate saggakāmassa, ekatta muparocitaṃ.
115.
Sinihappatto dutīyo, kamekā sinihissati;
Tassate mokkhakāmassa, ekatta muparocitaṃ.
116.
Purato pacchatovāpi, aparo ce navijjati;
Tasseva phāsu bhavati, ekassa vasato vane.
117.
Sukhañca kāma mayikaṃ, dukkhañca pavivekikaṃ;
Pavivekaṃ dukkhaṃ seyyo, yañce kāmamayaṃ sukhaṃ.
118.
Yoca vassasataṃ jīve, apassaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
Ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo, passato udayabbayaṃ.
119.
Suññāgāraṃ paviṭṭhassa, santacittassa bhikkhuno;
Amānussī rati hoti, sammādhammaṃ vipassato.
120.
Yatoyato sammasati, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
Labhati pītipāmojjaṃ, amataṃ taṃ vijānataṃ.
121.
Iccuttaṃ dhammapāmojjaṃ, vivekajaṃ rasādhikaṃ;
Icchanto sīlavā bhikkhu, anivattita vīriyo.
122.
Vanā vāse vasitvāna, appicchādiguṇāvaho;
Pali bodhe samucchijja, bhāveyyevaṃrahogato.
123.
Kāye jegucchapuñjāni, rūpaṃ ruppanabhāvato;
Tassitā vedanā saññā, saṅkhārāca tatopare.
124.
Viññāṇañca imepañca, khandhā rāsatthato matā;
Tecānicca dukkhā nattā, upādā vayadhammino.
125.
Pheṇapiṇḍū pamaṃ rūpaṃ, vedanā pupphuḷūpamā;
Marīcikūpamā saññā, saṅkhārā kadalūpamā.
126.
Māyūpamanti viññāṇaṃ, dassite sabba dassinā;
Upamāhi samasse yya, pañcakkhandhe asārake.
127.
Yāva byāti nimmissati,
Koṭilakkhātahiṃkhaṇe;
Khandhā bhijjanti hutvāna,
Aniccānāma te tato.
128.
Bhaya pīḷitato dukkhā, anattā avidheyyato;
Khandhāva honti bhijjanti, añño koci nalabbhati.
129.
Khandhā niccā khayaṭṭhena, bhayaṭṭhena dukhācate;
Anattā sārakaṭṭhena, iti passe punappunaṃ.
130.
Bhāṇūdaye kayaṃ enti, hemante patitussavā;
Rāgā mānāca sabbevaṃ, satyā niccānupassane.
131.
Sīhanādaṃ vanesutvā, saṃvejenti sasotakā;
Vehapphalāpi lokevaṃ, jinerita tilakkhaṇaṃ.
132.
Vedanādīni nāmāni, nāmarūpadvayaṃva te;
Taṇhāvijjāca kammādi, nāmarūpassa paccayā.
133.
Nāmarūpaṃ pariggayha, tato tassaca paccayaṃ;
Hutvā abhāvato niccā, udayabbaya pīḷanā.
134.
Dukkhā avasavattittā, anattātitilakkhaṇaṃ;
Āropetvāva saṅkhāre, sammasanto punappunaṃ.
135.
Pāpuṇeyyā nupubbena,
Sabbasaṃyojana kkhayaṃ;
Tampatto arahā bhikkhu,
Bhavatiṇṇo sunibbuto.
136.
Natumhaṃ bhikkhave rūpaṃ, taṃ jahethāti vuttato;
Memetanti upādānaṃ, pañcakkhandhe vināsaye.
137.
Puttā matthi dhanā matthi, iti bālo vihaññati;
Attāpi attano natthi, kutoputtokutodhanaṃ.
138.
Iccutta manucintāya, attāti atthimetivā;
Saññaṃ nāseyya khandhāva, atthīti ābhuje budho.
139.
Khandhanāsa manābhujja, mato me puttako iti;
Socanti paridevanti puttonatthi nasomato.
140.
Bhijjamānesu khandhesu, attasaññī anattesu;
Nādikāla viparitā, mahājānīyataṃ gatā.
141.
Bhijjamānesu khandhesu, laggā rattā mamāyitā;
Nārīpumādi saññāya, viparetā anādike.
142.
Nādikāla viparito, attasaññī anattani;
Bhijjamānesu khandhesu, jaha ttāti mamāyanaṃ.
143.
Abhiṇhuppattiyāyeva, bhijjamāno naññayati;
Aniccalakkhaṇaṃ channaṃ, taṃ cinteyya supaññavā.
144.
Asanteyeva laggantā, namuccanti bhavattayā;
Natthi santesu laggantā, rūpakkhandhā dike svidha.
145.
Taṇhā gijjhati metanti, māno ahanti maññati;
Diṭṭhi gaṇhāti attāti, ete papañcakā tayo.
146.
Mame ta maha mattāti, papañcānaṃ vasānugo;
Gaṇhanto bhava paṅkamhi, nimmuggova bhayānake.
147.
Name nāhaṃ naattāti, etehi vivadaṃ kare;
Vivadantāva muccanti, bhavapaṅkā bhayānakā.
148.
Name nāhaṃ naattāti, daṭṭhabbanti jineritaṃ;
Tatheva sabbadā maññe, mā papañca vasānugo.
149.
Loko vivadi buddhena, nalokena kadāciso;
Anattāti jinuddiṭṭhaṃ, loko attāti maññati.
150.
Mo lokena samo hotu,
Tassamo kiṃtaduttare;
Andhibhūto ayaṃloko,
Sambuddhassa virodhiko.
151.
Sambuddhassa vasaṃ nvetu, sanjhādi bhayatajjito;
Tabbasaṃyeva anvento, bhavatiṇṇo bhavissati.
152.
Anattāti girā saccā, attāti vacanaṃ musā;
Musāya vivade loko, buddhena sacca vādinā.
153.
Turaṅgavajagāmamhā, purime camakya kānane;
Vasatā aggadhammena, therena racito ayaṃ.
154.
Arimatteyya buddhassa,
Dhamma ssutakkhaṇe bhave;
Khīṇāsavo mahāpañño,
Puññena tena sāvakoti.